莫斯科的寒夜
Isaiah Berlin 最好看的一本書是Personal Impressions。Personal Impressions 里最好看的一篇文章是Meetings with Russian Writers in 1945 and 1946。昨天晚上我翻箱找書,找不到要找的那一本,卻邂逅了這一本十幾年前出版的老書。我二十幾年前就喜歡讀Berlin,這一本是一九八一年我重到倫敦的時候買的。旅行途中斷斷續續讀完全書,回來不但經常重讀,文章里也引用了書中一些資料。余英時先生熟讀Berlin的著作,一眼認出出處,來信提到這位英國著名文化學者、著名教授的如椽大筆。Berlin這篇長文從一九四五年他在華盛頓英國大使館短期工作寫read.99csw•com起。那年夏天,大使館要臨時調派他到英國駐莫斯科大使館去工作幾個月,理由是那邊人手不足,而他又諳俄文,過去在美國參加過一些國際問題會議,了解美國對蘇的各種不同看法。大使館認為他可以暫時補一補缺,直到新年專人到任為止。當時二次大戰已經結束了。Berlin的英文乾凈利落,平實之中俱見學養和文采,讀來舒服:
Berlin在蘇聯所見的兩位作家是Anna Akhmatova和Boris Pasternak。那時期,蘇聯人民剛剛遭受希特勒的蹂躪,史大林時代的極權專政方興未艾,可是,蘇聯的文學藝術繁花似錦,不論創作不論理論都果實纍纍,繼承二十世紀初的盛況發展延續。物質貧乏,思想蓬勃,文藝工作read.99csw•com者在莫斯科的寒夜裡為維護人性的尊嚴和創作的自由上下求索。政治的冷風吹亂了人的心緒。Berlin於是在這篇長文的文首引了女詩人Anna Akhmatova日記里的幾句話:「記憶求連貫,每每弄真反假。人的記憶不能順序逐一重溫舊事。書信日記其實經常是無補於事的」(「Every attempt to produce Coherent memories amounts to falsification. No human memory is so arranged as to recollect everything in continuous sequence. Letters and diaries oft九-九-藏-書en turn out to be bad assistants」)。
Berlin小時候在俄國,一九一九年十歲跟家人出國之後沒有回過故居。這次他在莫斯科、在列寧格勒跟這兩位作家會面長談,親眼看到他們生活和寫作的境遇,彼此由淺交變成深交,深深改變了他的人生觀。他說:事後多年,只要看到他們的名字,聽到人家說起他們,都會清楚記起他們臉上的表情,他們的手勢、他們說的話。到今天,一讀到他們寫的東西,竟彷彿又聽到他們的聲音(「When I see their names in print, or hear them mentioned, I remember vividly the expressions on the their九_九_藏_書 faces, their gestures and their words. When I read their writingsI can, to this day, hear the sound of their voices」)。
In the summer of 1945,while I was working as a temporary official in the British Embassy in Washington,I was informed that I was to be seconded to our Moscow Embassy for a few months:the reason given whttps://read•99csw•comas that it was short-handed,and since I knew Russian,and had, at the San Francisco Conference (and long before it), learnt something of official and unofficial American attitudes to the soviet Union, I might be of some use in filling a gap until the New Year when Someone less amateur would be free to come. The war was over...