0%
索引

索引

Committee of Public Safety,75
Williams,William,164
Burr,Aaron,149,153
loyalists in,105,128,152,161
Constitutional Convention,88,94
Six Nations,43
New England support for,28-9
evacuation from Manhattan of,166-70,map 169
Paris,Treaty of,173,175,177-8,184
newspapers read by,145,178
Lee,Gen.Charles,32-4,39-41,75,109,167,168,194n22,n26,207n25
and defense of New York,40,43,46
Saratoga,Battle of,174,194n20
Washington honored by,26
North Carolina,16,141
newspapers in,145
Chase,Samuel,93-4
Reed,Col.Joseph,25,76-9,102,121,139,147,149,154,167
Pennsylvania,54,82,166
Industrial Revolution,70
smallpox epidemic in,20,57
slavery,20,52,96
epidemic of fear and disillusionment in,162
Continental Congress delegates from,7-8,18,61
Loring,Elizabeth (Betsy),38,48,118,207n23
Yorktown,Battle of,171,174,183
state governments and,56-7
on new political institutions after independence,16
in French and Indian War,37
see also Howe,Adm.Richard;specific ships
Stedman,Charles,184
Pell's Point,Battle of,168
King's Bridge,139,140,147,183
Staten Island,34,127
Franklin,William (Benjamin's son),105
retreat from New York advocated by,134,136-7,140-1
Maryland,47,93,95,107,118
Lincoln,Abraham,64,65
marriage of Abigail and,13
arrival of,84,111
Battle of,x-xiii,19,23,26,27,29,33-4,36-48,58,83,86,88-90,96,97,101-3,107,108,111,127-9,139-42,145,154,158,160,174(see also specific battles
Paine,Thomas,11-12,15,17,21-2,35,53,90
Stirling,Lord (Gen.William Alexander),41,73,159
Concord,Battle of,3,97,132
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms(Dickinson and Jefferson),59,191n11
Continental Congress,ix,x,xii,82,101-2,106,111,150,167,171
drafting,18,57-67,99-100,171,197n28,n29,n34
Adams,Abigail (John's wife),3,18,56,108,128
Phoenix (ship),74,78
see also specific cities and towns
constitution of,56,106
Hawley,Joseph,87
at Boston Siege,27,28,39,46,76
Dickinson compared with,8-10
peace talks on,131,134,135,140,141,146,147
avoidance of discussions of,x,41,22-3,55
chevaux-de-frise,75
smallpox outbreak on,85
Adams,Sam,133
Newport Mercury,146
on Long Island,112,115,116,118
evacuation of troops from,123-6
moderates in,xiii,7-10,14,84
tactical vulnerability of,66,74-5,194n26
Tilghman,Lt.Tench,123,161
Hudson River,34,50,107,138,172,173
Dickinson's support for,9
biographies of,198-9n27
Court of St.James's,178
on Long Island,109,116,map 117,118
Canada,4,33,36,73,99,195n31
German,11,35,51,84 (see also Hessians)
commitment to independence of,44,51-2,57,61
provisional government of,139
Continental Army march to New York from Boston led by,19,23,28,30
Fort Washington,74,75,207n23
Howe at,38,110,194n22
MacKenzie,Capt.Frederick,161,162
Miles,Samuel,115
during smallpox epidemic,57,85,86,104
and Dickinson Draft,93-95
Declaration of Independence,71-2,76,161,196n20
response to British atrocities at Bunker Hill,5
Franklin,Elizabeth (William's wife),105
draft of Articles of Confederation debated in,90-100
Scotch-Irish,8
in French and Indian War,27,37,84-5
Continental Congress delegates from,57
「New Establishment,」159-60,162
Middle Temple (London),76
submarines,75,138
and Dickinson Draft debate,92-3
Rush,Benjamin,94-5,128-30,163
on Manhattan,146-9,156,157,162,165-8
Serle,Ambrose,69,79,112,133
Ticonderoga,Battle of九-九-藏-書,33,37
Hessians,84,89,109,111,168
sectional split over,93-4
Continental Congress (continued
taxes,92,94,175
Royal Navy,34,36,49,74,81,122,124,138,148-9
Russia,11
Leitch,Major Andrew,154
Summary View of the Rights of British Americans(Jefferson),59,60,62
Brooklyn Heights,118-21,147,152,183
Topsfield (Massachusetts),50-1,55
Burgoyne and,103,194n20
Commentaries on the Laws of England (Blackstone),6
French and Indian War,7,26,27,32,37,84,114,153
Deane,Silas,162
and Warren's martyrdom at Bunker Hill,25
Knowlton at,153
on Long Island,41,72,76,84,85,109,114
Jefferson's condemnations of,59,60,62-3
Franklin in,81-2,105
Washington in,44-5,47
Ashby (Massachusetts),50
British warships on,74,78,79,88-9,139,140,167
officer corps of,31-3,113-14,134,147,203n35,207n25
aristocratic background of,37
representation,proportional,94,105
British attack on,172,194n20
in Dickinson draft debate,92,99-102
at peace conference,131-4
Hancock and,71,79,135,142,157,162
women's rights petition to,20-1
in British strategy,36,40,73,89,103,111,194n20
Putnam,Rufus,139
Blackstone,William,6
slavery in,62,93-4
New York strategy of,27,36,38-9
at Kip's Bay,148-9
levied by British,6,82
「American Creed,」 64
Hamilton,Alexander,160
Hannibal,164
population of,35
on women's rights,20-1
at Kip's Bay,148,149
see also Hudson River;Long Island;Manhattan;Staten Island;specific cities and towns
and Kip's Bay disaster,149-50
Germain's threat to execute,136
Clinton,Gen.Henry,48,84,116,149,173
myth of,177
veneration of public for,34,82,106
limitation of monarchical power by,49
loyalists in,13,52
troops transferred to Long Island from,114,121
Continental Army in,28,29,47
Jamaica Pass,114,115
British troops transported to Long Island from,112
Philadelphia,8,19,133,178
demoralization of,134-5,146,162-3,166
invasion of New York planned by,48,108,181
House of Commons,7,179-82
maps of,117,151,169
peace commission sent to colonies from,45
Continental Congress and,31-2,57,102,160-1,174-5
militia units and,29-30,43,108-9,135
Washington,Martha,44,195n33
Reed and,25,76-7,79,121
Great Fire in,156-7
arrests of,47,76,195n39
Rose (ship),74,78
Sullivan,General John,112-16,118,124,129-30
governmental structure envisioned by,16-20
Heath,General William,139
Maine,4
Fishkill (New York),139
supplies and ordnance for,77,102
Greene,Gen.Nathanael,ix,71,77,142-3,159,207n23
Patterson,James,80
Williamsburg (Virginia),58,60,96,100,101
Common Sense (Paine),11-12,15,90
British failure to trap Continental Army on,147-8,183
Battle of,43,44,57,103
Farewell Address,99
property requirements to vote in,21,53
Whigs,6,7,37,41,180-1
Polybius,160
see also specific cities and towns
Connecticut Courant,145
signing of,62,100
outbreak of war in,see specific battles see also specific cities and towns
Bowdoin,James,104
in British Army,41,146,161
spying by,66,114
in exile in London,178,182
Washington's reports to,72-3,79,86,126,135,137-8,140,142-3,156,157,161,166
Delaware,47,108,118,157
George I,King of England,37
Pendleton,Edmund,60,100,101
British disparagement of,81
Percy,Gen.Hugh,125
Witherspoon,John,130
submarine use advocated by,75,138
Lexington,Battle of,3,97,132
Sparta,165
Brodhead,David,115
demographic knowledge of,89-90
and Battle of Long Island,110,114,1l8,121,126-7,147,201n2
deserters from,13九_九_藏_書5,161
Howe,Gen.William,ix,xi,37-8,86,90,163,174,194n23,195n31,198n6
Kip's Bay,Battle of,148-50,153,154,157,158,163,164,183
enlisted men of,70
Howe,George Augustus,37
Long Island,34,57,101,103,104,127,161
Yorktown defeat of,179,183
Burke,Edmund,7,10,180-1,185
Harrison,Robert Hanson,202n28
Articles of War drafted by,142
at peace conference with Howe,131-4,141-2
and Long Island battles,112,126
Royal Society,82
Board of War and Ordnance,45,57,58,88,102,137-8,141,160,162
Cicero,13,14
Warren,Joseph,25,31,97
Scottish Highlanders,84,116,153
restriction of British access to,41,47,75
Paine in,11,12
militia units from,43,47,85,89
desertion of,135
Barnstable (Massachusetts),196n7
loyalty to British Crown in,4
Howe,Gen.William (continued
defensive networks on,72,109
northern detachment of,80,101
Pennsylvania Evening Post,21
Sandy Hook (New Jersey),84
passage of,66,132
Hooper,William,141,157
Adams,Charles(John's son),104
New York,146,150,152,165,179,181
slavery issue avoided by,20
Atlantic crossing of,68-9
inoculation for,44,86,104,195n33
at Trenton,172
Continental Congress delegates from,7,16,18,52-3,57,94
on Staten Island,68,81,89
on Staten Island,69,84,108
Germain's threat to execute,136
and Howe brothers' diplomatic initiatives,79-80,83
Glover,Colonel John,123,124,166,207n25
Heister,General Leopold von,116
Franklin on,90
「Cause,The,」 x,31,54,95,97,125,146-7,171
Knowlton,Col.Thomas,153-5,159,160
Bartlett,Josiah,91
White Plains (New York),167-70
British Army,89,127-9,134-6,158,166,175,183-5
political allegiance of farmers on,70,75-6
Battle of,ix,x,43,46,88,107,110-18,map 117,128,130-8,141-5,149,150,163,164,168,171,176,184 (see also Brooklyn Heights;Gowanus Heights,Battle of)
Black Watch regiment,153
Franklin,Benjamin,8,102,104-7,131-2,137,200n40
Rhode Island,28,32,94,145
Schuyler,General Philip,73
Morgan,Edmund,208n22
Dickinson in,8
response to New York military disasters in,126-30,134,157,165
opposition to militarization of colonial conflict in,7,181,182,202n26
Howe's rejection of tactical recommendations of,110-11,114-15,119,147,183-4
in Boston Siege,3-4,23,46,48
efforts at reconciliation rejected by,10-12,15,19,54,105,128
Mohawk Indians,32
Hand,Colonel Edward,166
Germain's threat to execute,136
English Civil War,49
Stamp Act (1765),6
Royal Navy bombardment of,74-5,149-50
evacuation of Continental Army from,156,166-70,map 169
New Rochelle (New York),168,179
General Orders,66-7,72,74,85-6,112,123,126,154
in middle colonies,13,52
in New York campaign,43,47,54,77,85,88-9,101-3,108-9,158-9,201n2
marriage of John and,13
Howe's leadership of,see Howe,Gen.William
Harbor,British prison ships in,118,207n23
resistance to,8,19,59,130,132
Gates,Gen.Horatio,39,80,103,107,112
Continental Congress delegates from,16,130
Manhattan,34,103,112,126,133,136,142,144,147-8,map 151
in London,81-2,105
Inns of Court,8
Fox,Charles,180-1,185
Dorchester Heights,4,33
at Bunker Hill,3,5,38
Punic wars,164
Havana,Battle of,37
lack of experience and military discipline in,29-32,70-1,73-4,77-8
discrepancy in troop strength of Continental Army and,101,108
Sherman,Roger,57,95
Adams,John,ix,3,12-26,48,82,97,101,108,192n2
foreign policy of,97-100
overconfidence in Washington's ability to defend New York of,88-90,101
loyalists on,161
Constituthttps://read.99csw.comion,U.S.,17
councils of war convened by,73-4,122,139,147,167
Virginia constitution draft by,100-1,106
African Americans,20
evacuation of Continental Army from,123-4,180
and independence,46-7,66,97,144
Tappan Zee,74
referendum on independence in,52-4
「The Cause」 and,46
militias,25,32,41,46,142-4,161,168,175,206n3
commutation,175
military strategy of,44,75
Wood,Gordon,208n22
Fort Schuyler,166
avoidance of slavery discussion by,20
Puritans,164
Continental Congress and,140-4
response to New York defeats,111,127-30,150,162-5
Manhattan headquarters of,40
Hancock,John,26,27,71,202n28
Washington's headquarters on,80
Harlem Heights,165-7
Grant,General James,116,145
transport of British troops to,66
militia units comprising,4,25,28-9,43,47,77,85,89,101-3
proposed compromises on,9,130
Rainbow (ship),125
Charter of,55
see also slavery
unrealistic confidence in,88-9,98,101
Plan of Treaties,98-9,102,142
Washington and,5,26,34,42-4,46,74,137-8,154,156,161,173-4
Germain's orders to,38-40,111
Collier,Capt.George,125,135
British casualties at,3,35,90
Connecticut,75,76,105
Gerry,Elbridge,89
Siege of,3-4,26-30,33,39,48,76,110,193n12
Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One(Franklin),81
Howe,Adm.Richard,ix,xi,86,90,119-20,124,127,142,167-8,171,173,174,l82,185
Second Treatise on Government (Locke),65
aristocratic background of,37 attitude of Continental Congress toward,92,97
Valley Forge,172,174
on Manhattan,111,133,138-40,147-58,map 151,162,163,176,183
British disparagement of,69
arrival of British fleet at,56,57
World War II,99
Jefferson and,59,62,65
at Throg's Neck,166-8
and framing of Pennsylvania constitution,106
and defense of New York,33-4,36,46,86,102-4,107
British forces on,49-50,66,68-70,72,73,81,89,108,110
Pennsylvania Packet,16,145-6
battles on,ix,x,40-1,43,46,88,110-11,171,176,180,184 (see also Harlem Heights,Battle of;Kip's Bay,Battle of)
tactical retreat from Long Island of,123-6,135
American Expeditionary Force,48
Quebec,4,37,43,44
France,57,97-9,163,164,172,183,184
Knox,Gen.Henry,33,77,141,160,164,176
New England Chronicle,145
and Howe brothers' diplomatic initiatives,78,80-1
Boston,8,23,36,38,45,88,127
independence strategy of,x-xi,xiii,12-16,22-4,51,53,55-8,65,87,192n 33 (see also Declaration of Independence)
Fischer,David Hackett,208n22
Harvard University,13,26,45
Alexander,General William,see Stirling,Lord
Huguenots,8
press in,178,179
Rodney,Caesar,157
and Declaration of Independence,71-72
Trenton,Battle of,172
Dickinson,John,ix,5,8-10,45,53,191n11
Germain,Lord George,35-40,49,136,166,182
Fort Necessity,85
Thoughts on Government (Adams),16-17
Turtle (submarine),138
Tallmadge,Major Benjamin,122,124-5
Germans,8,62
promotion to general of,32-3,160
Continental Army march from Boston to,19,23,28,30
Putnam at,114
foreign policy developed by,57,98-9,102,142
on British departure from Boston,4,23
Minutemen,158,177
British attitude toward,81
Washington,George,ix,39-43,48,71-80,103,108-14,116-29,134-44,147-54,165-8,170,173-7,194n23,202n28,208n22
Calvinism,8
Livingston,Philip,122
Martin,Joseph Plumb,74,116,123,148,170,176-7
resistance to authority of,8-9,19,59,80,91,130,144,178
peace initiatives of,78,124
Virginia Convention,52,58,60,96,100-1
Eagle(ship),74,124九九藏書,129,138
from New England,28-9,32,43
proportional representation,94,105
and Canadian campaign,43,195n31
Livingston,Robert,57
Abigail's women's rights proposal to,20-2
Sullivan,James,22
Reed in,76
Bunker Hill,Battle of,10,30,86,140,152,194n26
evacuation of Continental Army troops from,123-6
Burgoyne,General John,39,73,89,103,194n20
in Dickinson Draft debate,92,94-6,102
newspapers of,152
attitude of Continental Congress toward,88,92,97
Mifflin,Gen.Thomas,122-4,203n35
family concerns of,24,58,100,104,142
Continental Army and,5,27-8,40,43,46,102-3,137-45,I57-61
illness and evacuation to Manhattan of,112,126,136
General Court of,26
defense of,39,47,75,112,136-7,140-1,167,170,174
defections of deserters and loyalists to,161-2
and 「spirit of'76,」 30-1
(索引頁碼為原書頁碼,即本書邊碼)
Quaker background of,32
constitution of,58,60,100
George III,King of England,4,14,49,130,161
Articles of Confederation,Dickinson Draft of,90-4,98-100,102,105
Romans,ancient,6,160,164
Continental Congress delegates from,95,164
Locke,John,65
Cushing,William,48
occupation of New York by,140,163-5
British navy,see Royal Navy
honor-driven behavior of,xii,121-2,138
Catiline,13
George III's 1775 address to,10-11
dysentery from contaminated water on,85
South Carolina,48,91,157,167
Westmoreland,Gen.William,208n21
loyalists and deserters join,41,146,161
Howe brothers in,37,179
Greyhound (ship),66
physical and psychological characteristics of,25-8,192n2
advocacy of independence in,51
moved from Boston to New York,19,23,28,34
Society of the Cincinnati,176
martial law in,7
Cornwallis,General Charles,39,84,115,183
New Hampshire,28,43,91
resolute defiance of British by,79-80
militia units from,108
British evacuation of,46
Burstein,Andrew,197n31
Gowanus Heights,Battle of,113-15,118,130,145,158,183,202n28
destruction of statue of,72
Articles of War,142
tactical withdrawal from Long Island,123-6,129,135
and independence,xiii,10,16,18,23-4,29,31,34,49-55,87,l62,195n2 (see also Declaration of Independence)
Putnam,Gen.Israel,113,116,119,149,152
at Bunker Hill,38,114,120,194n22
diplomatic priorities of,78-80,84,124,129-32,134,140,146,147,152,161,170,184
arming of militia units on,54
Frederick II (the Great),King of Prussia,11
Warren as martyr of,25,31,97
Minden,Battle of,35
overall strategy of,72,73,111,185,194n20
draft of Articles of Confederation by,90-100
Lengel,Ed,208n22
Continental Congress delegates from,58-9,94
Washington nominated as commander in chief by,26
Board of War and Ordnance chaired by,45,57,58,88,102,137-8,141,160,162
British occupation of,36,42,47,76,111,136,140,147,157,164
Civil War,93
desertion of militia from Long Island to,135
Continental Army,ix,xii,40,42,70-81,108,128-9,133,163-4,173-7,182-5,202n26,208n22
Perth Amboy (New Jersey),131
unrealistic optimism about success against British of,88-90,101
Arnold,Benedict,4
Fort Lee,167
Massachusetts,8,9,28,37,49-52,89,94,102,123,143
Franklin's friendship with,68,81-4,105
Adams and,45,46,102
killing zone,68,113,148
Washington,Lund,152-3,157
on Long Island,54,66,101,103,104,107,109-28,map 117,134,137,145-6,163,176,183
on Long Island,104,107,114-16,map 117,118-22,147
Throg's Neck,166-68
Indians,43,101,see also French and Indian War
ships ordered to assemble on,123
Continental Army encampments on,70
forts on,41,113,11https://read•99csw•com4,119,121,126
and British victory on Long Island,111,129
Peloponnesian War,164,165
Rutledge,Edward,91,131,133
New Jersey,75,123,162,167,184
atrocities committed by British at,3,5
Maier,Pauline,195n2,196n20,197n28
radical faction of,13-14,58,59
London,3,19,119,133
Continental Congress in,see Continental Congress
loyalists in,13,76
independence and,5,72,140,142
Jefferson,Thomas,ix,4,57-9,95-6,107,191n11,195n33
at Valley Forge,172,174
daily demands on,75-78
campaign in,see Quebec
British attitudes toward conduct of war by,179-85,202n26,208n21
Malden (Massachusetts),51
House of Lords,7,17,41,82
Quakers,8,32,53,122
World War I,48,99
Howe's communications with,83-4,109-10,120,151-2
Charleston (South Carolina),Battle of,48
Trumbull,John,61,153
Battle of,150,152-8,162,206n41
slavery in,62
and Franco-American alliance,98-9,163,178
Rakove,Jack K.,199n1
at Kip's Bay,149
foreign policy,American,57,88,92,97-100,102
see also specific cities and towns
Adams's dedication to,13-14
Kentish Guards,32
mercenaries,17,30,54,63,67,82
officers in,x,32-3,76-7,102,158-60 (see also names of specific officers
Henry,Patrick,56
fleet commanded by,23,48,57,66,72-4 (see also Royal Navy)
Parliament,5,6,14,21,80,92,95
military professionalism of,70,102,108
role in drafting of Declaration of Independence of,57-8,60,61
and occupation of New York,156-7
at Boston Siege,3-4,193n12
Thebes,165
mercenaries,35,51,84 (see also Hessians)
Native Americans,see Indians
Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer (Dickinson),8
decision to defend,138-40
British forces aided by,69,115
Jefferson,Martha,24,58,100,142
Aquinas,Thomas,163
in Boston Siege,3-4
Louis XVI,King of France,98
Tories,41,105,128,163-4
Staten Island garrison of,66,70,84
on Manhattan,148,152-4,156-7
Lee,Richard Henry,44-5,57,100
militia units from,43,77,85,108,149,153
at Court of St.James's,178
Adams,Nabby (John's daughter),104
Washington's appointment as commander in chief of,79
Observations on the Increase of Mankind (Franklin),90
veterans of,as Washington's senior officers,39-40
as British captive,124,129,146
Boston Siege defeat of,8-9,26,29,33,88
Confederation Congress,94
at Gowanus Heights,145-6
and defense of New York,40-1,72-5,112,136-40,147,174
at Pell's Point,168
on Long Island,114-16,118-21,125-9,134-6
retreat through New Jersey of,184
Greeks,ancient,164-65
smallpox,20,57,85,103
Pitt,William,7,10,185
oppressive policies imposed by,52,82,181
Orpheus (ship),148
Tories in,163
family concerns of,57,85,86,104
loyalists,34,38,41-2,70,130,163,202n26
Virginia,26,89,95
Vietnam War,208n21
Braintree (Massachusetts),127
Paine's contribution to,12,15
strategy and tactics,72,108-12,114-15,120-1,134-6,139,162,170-3
Glorious Revolution,49
Dunmore,Lord,52,62
Boston Tea Party,7
Declaration of Independence drafted by,18,57,59-67,99,171,197n29,n34
evacuation of Continental Army from Manhattan by,152,156-7,166-8,map 169,180
Howe's peace initiatives to,120,129-33,146
Continental Army troops from,143,154
Richard Howe's friendship with,68,81-4,105
British disparagement of,38,69
see also specific cities and towns
bombardment of Manhattan by,148-50
officer corps of,32-3,183
battles in,4,33 (see also Bunker Hill,Battle of)
at Harlem Heights,152-4,156-8,165-6