約翰·彌爾頓
約翰·彌爾頓（John Milton,1608～1674）英國詩人、政論家，民主鬥士。彌爾頓是清教徒文學的代表，他的一生都在為資產階級民主運動而奮鬥，代表作《失樂園》是和《荷馬史詩》、《神曲》並稱為西方三大詩歌。
608年12月9日出生於倫敦一個富裕的清教徒家庭。父親是一位富有文學和音樂教養的公證人。受其影響，彌爾頓從小喜愛讀書，尤其喜愛文學。彌爾頓先後在聖保羅學校和劍橋大學耶穌學院受教育，1625年16歲時入劍橋大學，並開始寫詩，1632年取得碩士學位。彌爾頓大學期間開始試作拉丁文詩和英文詩，一向刻苦好學 ，富有正義感和民主 、革新的政治理想。因目睹當時國教日趨反動，他放棄了當教會牧師的念頭，閉門攻讀文學6年，一心想寫出能傳世的偉大詩篇。
1638年彌爾頓為增長見聞到當時歐洲文化中心義大利旅行，拜會了當地的文人志士，其中有被天主教會囚禁的伽利略。彌爾頓深為伽利略在逆境中堅持真理的精神所感動。翌年聽說英國革命即將爆發，便中止旅行，倉促回國，投身革命運動。他站在革命派清教徒立場參加宗教政治論戰，用拉丁文寫《反對教會管理中的主教統治》、《離婚之道及其條規》、《論出版自由》、《論教育》等對封建專制制度富有挑戰性的宣傳品及政治論文。
1638年，他去義大利遊學，1639年，他預見英國資產階級革命即將來臨，遂返回故國，1649年擔任克倫威爾革命政府國務院拉丁文秘書，主持革命的宣傳和政論工作，並親自撰寫政論《國王與官吏的職權》、《為英國人民聲辯》、《再為英國人民聲辯》等。1660年王政復辟前，還發表過《建立共和的簡易辦法》。因積勞成疾，於1652年雙目失明。王政復辟后，一度被捕入獄。1641年，彌爾頓站在革命的清教徒一邊，開始參加宗教論戰，反對封建王朝的支柱國教。他在一年多的時間里發表了5本有關宗教自由的小冊子，1644年又為爭取言論自由而寫了《論出版自由》。
1649年，革命陣營中的獨立派將國王推上斷頭台，成立共和國。彌爾頓為提高革命人民的信心和鞏固革命政權，發表《論國王與官吏的職權》等文，並參加了革命政府工作，擔任拉丁文秘書職務。1652年因勞累過度，雙目失明。
1660年，王朝復辟，彌爾頓被捕入獄，不久又被釋放。從此他專心寫詩，為實現偉大的文學抱負而艱苦努力，在親友的協助下，共寫出3首長詩：《失樂園》(1667)，《復樂園》(1671)和 《力士參孫》 (1671)。1674年11月8日卒于倫敦。
- 作品總覽，總共14筆
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Paradise Lost Ⅰ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅱ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅲ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅳ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅴ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅵ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅶ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅷ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅸ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅹ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅺ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
Paradise Lost Ⅻ
Milton's Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems in the English language. It tells the story of the Fall of Man, a tale of immense drama and excitement, of rebellion and treachery, of innocence pitted against corruption, in which God and Satan fight a bitter battle for control of mankind's d...
失樂園
1603年伊麗莎白女王去世后，英國國王與議會矛盾日趨激烈，政局動蕩。1649年1月國王查理一世被送上斷頭台，同年5月，英國宣布為共和國。約翰·彌爾頓（John Milton，1608-1674）積極投入資產階級革命，曾任共和國政府拉丁秘書，寫了不少文章捍衛共和國。1660年，查理二世回國復辟，彌爾頓一度被捕入獄，在朋友幫助下才得免一死，獲釋回家。在雙目失明的狀態下，他完成了長詩《失樂園》（Paradise Lost）和《復樂園》（Paradise Regained）、詩劇《力士參孫》（Samson Agonistes）。
《失樂園》以史詩一般的磅礴氣勢揭示了人的原罪與墮落。詩中叛逆之神撒旦，因...
彌爾頓的詩歌
彌爾頓既是社會的產兒，也是大自然的情人……既啟迪了浪漫主義詩人的「回歸自然」，又啟迪了現實主義作家的社會批判……